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Rizab Persekutuan Disalahkan atas Kejatuhan Bank Silicon Valley dan Krisis Credit Suisse

2023/03/29 (Mac 29, 2023 5:36 pagi)
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Ahli politik, pengawal selia dan eksekutif bank sedang membahaskan peranan Rizab Persekutuan dalam menyelia bank memandangkan kegagalan SVB baru-baru ini. Tetapi, penganalisis berpendapat bahawa masalah itu lebih bernuansa daripada itu, dan ada yang menuduh Fed mengabaikan untuk menjamin bahawa bank berfungsi dengan selamat dan betul. Disebabkan oleh kenaikan kadar Fed dan bank $42 bilion yang dikendalikan oleh SVB, bank itu sangat memerlukan wang tunai. Akibatnya, ia terpaksa menjual bon pada kerugian dan menghadapi krisis kecairan. Kebergantungan bank terhadap deposit tidak diinsuranskan dan peranannya sebagai peminjam utama dari Bank Pinjaman Rumah Persekutuan di San Francisco, menurut penganalisis, adalah dua petunjuk amaran yang Fed sepatutnya sedar. Walaupun begitu, Kongres mengurangkan sekatan ke atas bank, termasuk SVB, dengan aset kurang daripada $250 bilion, jadi mereka dikecualikan daripada pemeriksaan kesihatan tahunan. Bekas Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif SVB telah mendesak untuk pengubahsuaian ini, mendakwa bahawa peraturan akan meletakkan beban yang tidak perlu kepada bank. Yang lain telah mempersoalkan peranan San Francisco Fed, yang menyelia penyeliaan SVB, akibat daripada keadaan itu. Credit Suisse juga menghadapi masalah dan terpaksa meminjam sehingga 50 bilion Swiss Franc ($53.7 bilion) daripada Swiss National Bank. Bank-bank termasuk Bank of America, Wells Fargo dan Citigroup telah menyaksikan peningkatan dalam deposit sejak masalah SVB bermula, walaupun pada hakikatnya keadaan masih belum dapat diselesaikan.

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What caused SVB's liquidity crisis?
SVB's liquidity crisis was caused by the Federal Reserve's rate rises and a $42 billion bank run.
What were the warning indicators that the Fed should have been aware of regarding SVB's situation?
According to analysts, SVB's reliance on uninsured deposits and its role as the top borrower from the Federal Home Loan Bank in San Francisco were two warning indicators that the Fed should have been aware of.
Why were banks like Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup affected by SVB's problems?
Despite the fact that the situation is still unresolved, banks like Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup have witnessed an increase in deposits since SVB's problems began, possibly due to customers withdrawing money from SVB and depositing it in other banks.
What changes did Congress make to the restrictions on banks with less than $250 billion in assets?
Congress cut down restrictions on banks, including SVB, with less than $250 billion in assets, exempting them from an annual health check.
What are some of the criticisms of the Fed's oversight of banks, as stated in the article?
Some analysts have accused the Fed of neglecting to guarantee that banks function securely and properly, and some have questioned the role of the San Francisco Fed, which oversaw SVB's supervision.

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