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Federal Reserve Disalahkan atas Kejatuhan Silicon Valley Bank dan Krisis Credit Suisse

2023/03/29 (Mar 29, 2023 5:36 pagi)
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Politisi, regulator, dan eksekutif bank sedang memperdebatkan peran Federal Reserve dalam mengawasi bank sehubungan dengan kegagalan SVB baru-baru ini. Namun, analis berpendapat bahwa masalahnya lebih bernuansa dari itu, dan beberapa menuduh The Fed lalai untuk menjamin bahwa bank berfungsi dengan aman dan benar. Karena kenaikan suku bunga Fed dan $42 miliar bank dijalankan oleh SVB, bank sangat membutuhkan uang tunai. Akibatnya, ia harus menjual obligasi dengan kerugian dan menghadapi krisis likuiditas. Ketergantungan bank pada simpanan yang tidak diasuransikan dan perannya sebagai peminjam teratas dari Federal Home Loan Bank di San Francisco, menurut analis, adalah dua indikator peringatan yang seharusnya diperhatikan oleh Fed. Meskipun demikian, Kongres mengurangi pembatasan pada bank, termasuk SVB, dengan aset kurang dari $250 miliar, sehingga mereka dibebaskan dari pemeriksaan kesehatan tahunan. Mantan CEO SVB telah mendorong modifikasi ini, mengklaim bahwa aturan tersebut akan membebani bank secara tidak perlu. Yang lain mempertanyakan peran Fed San Francisco, yang mengawasi pengawasan SVB, sebagai akibat dari keadaan tersebut. Credit Suisse juga bermasalah dan harus meminjam hingga 50 miliar Franc Swiss ($53,7 miliar) dari Bank Nasional Swiss. Bank termasuk Bank of America, Wells Fargo, dan Citigroup telah menyaksikan peningkatan simpanan sejak masalah SVB dimulai, meskipun situasinya masih belum terselesaikan.

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What caused SVB's liquidity crisis?
SVB's liquidity crisis was caused by the Federal Reserve's rate rises and a $42 billion bank run.
What were the warning indicators that the Fed should have been aware of regarding SVB's situation?
According to analysts, SVB's reliance on uninsured deposits and its role as the top borrower from the Federal Home Loan Bank in San Francisco were two warning indicators that the Fed should have been aware of.
Why were banks like Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup affected by SVB's problems?
Despite the fact that the situation is still unresolved, banks like Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup have witnessed an increase in deposits since SVB's problems began, possibly due to customers withdrawing money from SVB and depositing it in other banks.
What changes did Congress make to the restrictions on banks with less than $250 billion in assets?
Congress cut down restrictions on banks, including SVB, with less than $250 billion in assets, exempting them from an annual health check.
What are some of the criticisms of the Fed's oversight of banks, as stated in the article?
Some analysts have accused the Fed of neglecting to guarantee that banks function securely and properly, and some have questioned the role of the San Francisco Fed, which oversaw SVB's supervision.

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