歷史證明 (PoH) 的過程是什麼?
By CoinUnited
PoH, or Proof of History, is a cutting-edge method used in blockchain systems to verify the integrity of past data.
Proof-of-History, or PoH, is a unique approach that promises to significantly boost the efficiency and scalability of blockchain networks. Solana's first block was produced on March 16, 2020, alerting the world to its potential advantages and possibilities. Anatoly Yakovenko, the founder of Solana, initially presented this concept in a whitepaper in November 2017 and described it as a "decentralized clock."
We'll go into great detail about Solana's PoH technology in this post, outlining its key characteristics and how it operates. We will also compare it to other consensus techniques, such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS), and talk about its benefits and drawbacks in a blockchain network.
Proof-of-History, or PoH, is a cutting-edge method used in blockchain systems to verify that data from the past is correct and hasn't been (or cannot be) altered.
This is done by having a hash function generate a one-of-a-kind "fingerprint" of the data being protected (such as past transactions). This data is subsequently added to the blockchain as part of a block and may be confirmed by the nodes protecting the blockchain at the present time.
The nodes would recognize the altered block as fraudulent and discard it since the hash algorithm is predictable and produces the same fingerprint regardless of the input data.
In order to protect and decentralize the blockchain, PoH is employed to ensure that all nodes host identical copies of the blockchain and avoid double spending.
The first blockchain that leverage both Proof-of-Stake and Proof-of-History was launched in March 2020 with Solana.
Solana is a public blockchain platform that makes use of a number of cutting-edge technologies and approaches to enable the development of smart contracts and decentralized apps (DApps) that are quick, easy, and scalable.
To begin, "Tower BFT" is a subset of a Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm that forms the basis of Solana's design.
In addition, it makes use of the Gossip network protocol to speed up the dissemination of information about a transaction throughout the Solana network, further reducing latency.
The Solana blockchain is able to process somewhere around 65,000 transactions per second (tps) by combining this with Proof-of-History to execute transactions in real-time.
Many different approaches exist for achieving this goal, but all chains rely on a consensus process of some kind.
To improve the effectiveness of consensus methods, Proof-of-History is emerging as a viable alternative to the currently dominant Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake.
Proof-of-Work, the initial consensus mechanism, relies on a network of powerful computers called miners to keep decentralized networks safe and to ensure that transactions may be processed and confirmed in a peer-to-peer fashion.
PoW is now the second most common consensus method, having been employed initially to protect the Bitcoin network and then adopted by other platforms such as Ethereum (before the two networks merged), Dogecoin, Litecoin, and Monero.
To ensure that the network stays safe even as the overall hash rate grows, the system is built to make it progressively more difficult to validate new transactions.
Blockchain networks can verify transactions and add new blocks to the chain thanks to Proof-of-Work (PoW).
"Miners" in contemporary PoW systems solve difficult mathematical challenges (hash puzzles) to add new blocks to the chain. Based on a cryptographic hash algorithm (often SHA-256) that accepts a message as input and outputs a string of characters (the "hash") of a certain length. The current block's target hash must be compared by miners with all possible hash values (nonces).
To ensure that the network stays safe even as the overall hash rate grows, the system is built to make it progressively more difficult to validate new transactions.
In order to keep the pace at which blocks are added to the chain constant, the difficulty of the puzzle is dynamically modified (increasing it when the hash rate increases and decreasing it when it lowers). On the Bitcoin network, the desired block time is 10 minutes, whereas on the Litecoin network, it is 2.5 minutes.
Since the security given by a broad network of miners is perhaps unrivaled by competing systems at the time of writing, PoW is regarded the most secure consensus mechanism.
It's also considerably more open than rival consensus systems, allowing virtually anybody to participate as a miner or host a node in the network.
The Bitcoin network alone uses as much power as a small country in order to maintain its security. As a result, PoW blockchains have an excessively enormous carbon footprint.
This is because a long block time is needed to wait for a critical mass of miners to join the network and validate transactions.
PoS is a consensus process used in blockchain technology to confirm and secure transactions on a network.
PoS employs the stake (or ownership) of the network's cryptocurrency to validate transactions rather than employing computing power like in Proof-of-Work.
In a Proof of Stake system, those who hold a large quantity of the network's native crypto coin (SOL in the case of Solana) can "stake" their coins in order to participate as a validator. Transactions are validated by these validators, who are selected at random, and in exchange for their time and work, they receive a payment. A user's odds of being chosen as a validator increase proportionally with the amount of coins they wager.
By doing away with the mining step and replacing it with an algorithm that pseudorandomly chooses which node (referred to as a validator) gets to fill the next block and add it to the blockchain, Proof-of-Stake streamlines the process of transaction validation and block generation.
Users must "stake" part of the network's native currency and often conform to stringent hardware specifications in order to join the network as a validator. This makes them eligible to be chosen from the pool of validators to process the next block, for which they will be rewarded.
The specific method used by PoS networks to choose the next block validator varies from implementation to implementation, but most employ random staking selection depending on the quantity of the user's stake, so that a user who stakes 10% of the staked supply would validate 10% of the blocks.
In PoS networks, dishonest validators are penalized as well as honest validators are rewarded (usually with newly generated coins plus transaction fees) (see slashing ).
PoS has been praised for being a more environmentally friendly consensus process due to its lower energy use. It enables blockchain systems to run on a much less amount of electricity by totally replacing energy-intensive miners with more cost-effective validator nodes.
However, many Proof-of-Stake blockchains also have a high barrier to entry because of the high minimum stake and expensive hardware requirements they impose on their users. Typically, there are hundreds, if not millions, of cash at stake.
Because fewer well-off people can't afford to run a validator, the pool of prospective validators is smaller in Proof-of-Stake blockchains, which has led to criticism that these networks are more centralized and in the hands of a small elite.
Proof-of-History (PoH) is a scalability approach that enables the development and protection of small, auditable blockchains.
A timestamp is created for each block, and a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) is used to show that the timestamps were all generated within a specified time limit. The timechain is a series of timestamps that may be used to verify that a given number of blocks were added to the blockchain at a given time.
The timestamp is then shared across the network, where it may be validated and stored by every node.
Solana can conduct more transactions and accommodate more users on the network by using PoH to drastically minimize the volume of data that has to be saved and confirmed.
There are several advantages to using Solana's Proof-of-History (PoH) method on the network. The key advantage is that it significantly increases the scalability of the blockchain by making it possible to verify prior transactions effectively while simultaneously reducing the amount of data that has to be stored.
Moreover, it has a very low energy footprint, making blockchains that use Proof-of-Hand less harmful to the environment.
The biggest problem is that the hashes contained in the blockchain are generated by a trusted third party, the PoH generator. When it comes to the security and dependability of the network as a whole, this PoH generator is crucial, and any problems it may have might have far-reaching consequences for the network as a whole.
While Proof-of-History has the potential to pave the way for extremely fast and efficient blockchain systems, it is not without its drawbacks.
The PoH generators, which output a PoH sequence, are the system's core component. Since there can only ever be one PoH generator at any one moment, this introduces an undesirable level of centralization, in the opinion of some.
Additionally, the computational complexity of producing Proof-of-History hashes adds to the difficulty and cost of maintaining a node. Validator nodes must adhere to stringent hardware specifications, with the following being the recommended standard, according to the official Solana documentation. 128GB of RAM, 500GB-1TB+ of storage, and a 12 core (24 thread)+ CPU are recommended.
The decentralization of PoH blockchains is constrained by the fact that this aids in maintaining the network's speed and efficiency but can also pose substantial technological and financial obstacles.
This article may provide links to other websites or material ("Third-Party Sites") for your convenience. No financial advice is offered or implied in this article.
Proof-of-History, or PoH, is a unique approach that promises to significantly boost the efficiency and scalability of blockchain networks. Solana's first block was produced on March 16, 2020, alerting the world to its potential advantages and possibilities. Anatoly Yakovenko, the founder of Solana, initially presented this concept in a whitepaper in November 2017 and described it as a "decentralized clock."
We'll go into great detail about Solana's PoH technology in this post, outlining its key characteristics and how it operates. We will also compare it to other consensus techniques, such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS), and talk about its benefits and drawbacks in a blockchain network.
Define "Proof-of-History" (PoH), Please.
Proof-of-History, or PoH, is a cutting-edge method used in blockchain systems to verify that data from the past is correct and hasn't been (or cannot be) altered.
This is done by having a hash function generate a one-of-a-kind "fingerprint" of the data being protected (such as past transactions). This data is subsequently added to the blockchain as part of a block and may be confirmed by the nodes protecting the blockchain at the present time.
The nodes would recognize the altered block as fraudulent and discard it since the hash algorithm is predictable and produces the same fingerprint regardless of the input data.
In order to protect and decentralize the blockchain, PoH is employed to ensure that all nodes host identical copies of the blockchain and avoid double spending.
The First Proof-of-History Blockchain is Solana.
The first blockchain that leverage both Proof-of-Stake and Proof-of-History was launched in March 2020 with Solana.
Solana is a public blockchain platform that makes use of a number of cutting-edge technologies and approaches to enable the development of smart contracts and decentralized apps (DApps) that are quick, easy, and scalable.
To begin, "Tower BFT" is a subset of a Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm that forms the basis of Solana's design.
In addition, it makes use of the Gossip network protocol to speed up the dissemination of information about a transaction throughout the Solana network, further reducing latency.
The Solana blockchain is able to process somewhere around 65,000 transactions per second (tps) by combining this with Proof-of-History to execute transactions in real-time.
Comparison between "Proof of Work," "Proof of Stake," and "Proof of History."
Many different approaches exist for achieving this goal, but all chains rely on a consensus process of some kind.
To improve the effectiveness of consensus methods, Proof-of-History is emerging as a viable alternative to the currently dominant Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake.
Proof-of-work (PoW) Explained.
Proof-of-Work, the initial consensus mechanism, relies on a network of powerful computers called miners to keep decentralized networks safe and to ensure that transactions may be processed and confirmed in a peer-to-peer fashion.
PoW is now the second most common consensus method, having been employed initially to protect the Bitcoin network and then adopted by other platforms such as Ethereum (before the two networks merged), Dogecoin, Litecoin, and Monero.
To ensure that the network stays safe even as the overall hash rate grows, the system is built to make it progressively more difficult to validate new transactions.
What Exactly Happens When You Play PoW?
Blockchain networks can verify transactions and add new blocks to the chain thanks to Proof-of-Work (PoW).
"Miners" in contemporary PoW systems solve difficult mathematical challenges (hash puzzles) to add new blocks to the chain. Based on a cryptographic hash algorithm (often SHA-256) that accepts a message as input and outputs a string of characters (the "hash") of a certain length. The current block's target hash must be compared by miners with all possible hash values (nonces).
To ensure that the network stays safe even as the overall hash rate grows, the system is built to make it progressively more difficult to validate new transactions.
In order to keep the pace at which blocks are added to the chain constant, the difficulty of the puzzle is dynamically modified (increasing it when the hash rate increases and decreasing it when it lowers). On the Bitcoin network, the desired block time is 10 minutes, whereas on the Litecoin network, it is 2.5 minutes.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Proof-of-Work Systems (PoW)
Since the security given by a broad network of miners is perhaps unrivaled by competing systems at the time of writing, PoW is regarded the most secure consensus mechanism.
It's also considerably more open than rival consensus systems, allowing virtually anybody to participate as a miner or host a node in the network.
The Bitcoin network alone uses as much power as a small country in order to maintain its security. As a result, PoW blockchains have an excessively enormous carbon footprint.
This is because a long block time is needed to wait for a critical mass of miners to join the network and validate transactions.
Proof-of-stake (PoS) Explained.
PoS is a consensus process used in blockchain technology to confirm and secure transactions on a network.
PoS employs the stake (or ownership) of the network's cryptocurrency to validate transactions rather than employing computing power like in Proof-of-Work.
In a Proof of Stake system, those who hold a large quantity of the network's native crypto coin (SOL in the case of Solana) can "stake" their coins in order to participate as a validator. Transactions are validated by these validators, who are selected at random, and in exchange for their time and work, they receive a payment. A user's odds of being chosen as a validator increase proportionally with the amount of coins they wager.
What Is the Function of Point-of-Sale Systems?
By doing away with the mining step and replacing it with an algorithm that pseudorandomly chooses which node (referred to as a validator) gets to fill the next block and add it to the blockchain, Proof-of-Stake streamlines the process of transaction validation and block generation.
Users must "stake" part of the network's native currency and often conform to stringent hardware specifications in order to join the network as a validator. This makes them eligible to be chosen from the pool of validators to process the next block, for which they will be rewarded.
The specific method used by PoS networks to choose the next block validator varies from implementation to implementation, but most employ random staking selection depending on the quantity of the user's stake, so that a user who stakes 10% of the staked supply would validate 10% of the blocks.
In PoS networks, dishonest validators are penalized as well as honest validators are rewarded (usually with newly generated coins plus transaction fees) (see slashing ).
Pros and Cons of Proof-of-Stake Systems (PoS)
PoS has been praised for being a more environmentally friendly consensus process due to its lower energy use. It enables blockchain systems to run on a much less amount of electricity by totally replacing energy-intensive miners with more cost-effective validator nodes.
However, many Proof-of-Stake blockchains also have a high barrier to entry because of the high minimum stake and expensive hardware requirements they impose on their users. Typically, there are hundreds, if not millions, of cash at stake.
Because fewer well-off people can't afford to run a validator, the pool of prospective validators is smaller in Proof-of-Stake blockchains, which has led to criticism that these networks are more centralized and in the hands of a small elite.
What is the mechanism behind PoH?
Proof-of-History (PoH) is a scalability approach that enables the development and protection of small, auditable blockchains.
A timestamp is created for each block, and a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) is used to show that the timestamps were all generated within a specified time limit. The timechain is a series of timestamps that may be used to verify that a given number of blocks were added to the blockchain at a given time.
The timestamp is then shared across the network, where it may be validated and stored by every node.
Solana can conduct more transactions and accommodate more users on the network by using PoH to drastically minimize the volume of data that has to be saved and confirmed.
Arguments for and against using historical proof (PoH)
There are several advantages to using Solana's Proof-of-History (PoH) method on the network. The key advantage is that it significantly increases the scalability of the blockchain by making it possible to verify prior transactions effectively while simultaneously reducing the amount of data that has to be stored.
Moreover, it has a very low energy footprint, making blockchains that use Proof-of-Hand less harmful to the environment.
The biggest problem is that the hashes contained in the blockchain are generated by a trusted third party, the PoH generator. When it comes to the security and dependability of the network as a whole, this PoH generator is crucial, and any problems it may have might have far-reaching consequences for the network as a whole.
Possibile Issues with Historical Proof (PoH)
While Proof-of-History has the potential to pave the way for extremely fast and efficient blockchain systems, it is not without its drawbacks.
The PoH generators, which output a PoH sequence, are the system's core component. Since there can only ever be one PoH generator at any one moment, this introduces an undesirable level of centralization, in the opinion of some.
Additionally, the computational complexity of producing Proof-of-History hashes adds to the difficulty and cost of maintaining a node. Validator nodes must adhere to stringent hardware specifications, with the following being the recommended standard, according to the official Solana documentation. 128GB of RAM, 500GB-1TB+ of storage, and a 12 core (24 thread)+ CPU are recommended.
The decentralization of PoH blockchains is constrained by the fact that this aids in maintaining the network's speed and efficiency but can also pose substantial technological and financial obstacles.
This article may provide links to other websites or material ("Third-Party Sites") for your convenience. No financial advice is offered or implied in this article.